Aristotle
Aristotle was born in Stagirus in 384 BC. His father,
Nicomachus, was court physician to King Amyntas III of
Macedon. Aristotle went to Athens at the age of 17, and
attended Plato's school for young Greek aristocracy (the
Academy). From the age of 17 to 37, Aristotle remained
at the Academy.
He gave lectures in Assos and Mytilene. In 343 BC he
was summoned to Pella, the Macedonian capital, by King
Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor of Alexander
the Great, who was then 14. He founded his school, Lyceum
in Athens in 335 BC. (It was also called the Peripatetic
School because Aristotle preferred to discuss problems
of philosophy with his pupils while walking around peripateo
-the shaded walks- surrounding the school). Alexander
the Great died in 323 BC. Then Aristotle was dispelled
from Athens and died in Chalcis in 322 BC.
Aristotle has influenced all philosophies and has been
cited in all philosophical books.
René Descartes
In 1596, Famous French philosopher René Descartes was
born in La Haye en Touraine (now Descartes). At the
age of ten, he entered the Jesuit Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand
at La Flèche. After graduation, he studied at the University
of Poitiers, earning a Baccalauréat and Licence in
law in 1616. During youth, he served in the army. He
traveled to and lived in many European countries. Having
returned to France in 1628, he started experiments
on philosophy and optics. He moved to Netherlands in
the same year. René Descartes died in 1650 in Stockholm,
Sweden, where he had been invited as a teacher for
Queen Christina of Sweden.
Descartes contributed greatly to science and mathematics.
He found the basic law of optical reflections. His greatest
contribution to mathematics was the foundation of analytic
geometry. Descartes' importance in the history of philosophy
comes from the fact that he carried the church-based
Middle Age philosophy to the Modern Age. His works led
to the emergence of “Rationalism”.
His works influenced many philosophers, led by Spinoza
and Leibniz, which makes him the “Father of Modern Philosophy”.
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Königsberg. 1755 saw
the publication of his book Universal Natural History
and Theory of Heaven. In 1770 Kant was appointed Professor
of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Königsberg.
Influenced by Hume and Rousseau, he created his critical
philosophy after 1770. He wrote Critique of Practical
Reason in 1788 and Critique of Judgment in 1790.
One of the founders of modern philosophy, Kant emphasized
the information theory. He paved the way for rationalist
and scientific thinking. According to Kant, science is
a universal discipline that has clear propositions and
whose methods can be questioned only when philosophical
empiricism is adopted. Science is unbiased and objective.
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell was born on 18 May 1872 at Trellech,
Monmouthshire, in Wales. He wrote Principia Mathematica
(with Alfred North Whitehead) between 1910-1913 and soon
became world famous in his field.
After mathematical logic, Russell took interest in philosophy
and created logical particles theory. He laid the foundations
of the logical relations in philosophy. He announced
that molecular propositions are composed of atomic propositions
that are connected by logical links such as “and, or,
if, if and only if”.
Ateş Yaylıoğlu
Ateş Yaylıoğlu was born on 2 January 1964 in Ankara.
Having graduated from the Faculty of Political Sciences,
Ankara University, in 1989, he worked as Central Anatolia
Regional Director at ABC Yayın Dağıtım (ABC Publications
and Distribution) and General Coordinator and Technical
Group Marketing Manager at Anmar (Ankara Markets Association).
Taking the responsibilities of Sales and Marketing Manager
at Ajans Press Medya Takip A.Ş. (Ajans Press Media Monitoring)
in 1999, Ateş Yaylıoğlu continued this post until October
2006, when he founded Vedea.
A Marketing and Brand Communication consultant since
2002, Ateş Yaylıoğlu is also a columnist in Marketing
Türkiye magazine, where he writes about communications. |
